Surface deformation under overlapping impacts of solid particles

Abstract To improve the accuracy of erosion prediction, effect subsequent particles impacting same area while first single particle rebounds from substrate must be considered. This issue has rarely been considered in studies pertaining to damage. In present study, ABAQUS software is used investigate crater morphology and stress distribution on a target material subjected overlapping impacts spherical particles. Subsequently, validated model applied target. Accordingly, correlation between severity impact locations two incident quantified. The results show that horizontal distance solid can significantly affect magnitude pattern. interactions resulting craters diminish when exceeds 0.6 times diameter. When approximately 0.06 diameter, energy loss originating collisions reaches maximum, which modifies morphology. study expected provide in-depth insights into mechanisms modeling.